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The Four Parenting Styles in Passive, Assertive, and Aggressive Behaviour

31 October 2006 | 13:01 | Assertive Skills, Parenting | No Comments

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The Four Parenting Styles in Passive, Assertive, and Aggressive Behaviour - photo courtesy of Anissa Thompson

I want to firstly clear up a major parenting misconception. There is no one right way to raise a child. As with buying a car, becoming friends with your neighbours, or hanging out your clothes to dry, there is no one correct style you need to use for raising a healthy-minded child.

There a typically four parenting styles based on parenting research:

  1. Low love/low limits
  2. Low love/high limits
  3. High love/low limits
  4. High love/high limits

The love and limit parenting styles deal with how the parent disciplines their child/children.

Love means the parent disciplines using love such as comforting and negotiations. While limits means the parent disciplines using either passive, assertive, or aggressive discipline.

A short example of each of these limit styles are: Passive discipline is doing nothing; Assertive discipline is addressing the problem with you and the child coming out as winners such as negotiation; Aggressive discipline can be smacking the child.

You do not necessarily have one of these four parenting styles, but these are the major four and you do use both love and limits regardless of who you are. It’s about finding the right balance of love and limits that suit you and your child’s situation.

If you have a high love parenting style, then you’ll reason, talk, and spend more time with them.

If you have a high limit parenting style, you use your authoritative power. This is said to be more “old school” with techniques such as smacking and the cane. It also includes a more recommended technique, assertive communication. You attempt to establish the child’s discipline based on their respect for you and your desire for them to follow rules.

Of the four parenting styles, you use the one which feels “right” in your mind. If your parents use a more high limit style and you felt this put you inline, then its likely you’ll adopt the same disciplining techniques. On the other hand, you could use a high love style because you felt your parents were overly aggressive when they used a high limit style.

Of the four parenting styles, you use the one which feels ‘right’ in your mind.

Research has concluded that using a more low love/high limit parenting style is better then a low love/low limit style as children develop poor behavioral patterns from the low discipline parenting style. It is easy on you to use the low love/low limit style because you avoid any action and dodge possible counteractions when disciplining child. By using a low/low parenting style you play a passive role in shaping your child’s behavior and future. You need to avoid the parenting style for your child’s benefit and not selfishly use it because the parenting style is easier on you.

In one popular episode of Dr Phil, the Doctor was trying to solve a family’s disciplining problems. The mum whom he was talking too on the show had this mindset of not disciplining her children because they would perceive her in a negative light. She had a low/low parenting style. Dr Phil got through to the mum by saying something along these lines, “That is an extremely selfish act by not disciplining your children because of their poor behaviour. You really are only caring about yourself.” The mum completely agreed and began to change her behavioural disciplining style.

However, do be careful with a high limit style that moderates the child’s behaviour as it is more controlling and not recommended if more assertive and loving styles can be used. No one likes to be put on a psychological collar, dragged around, and poked by the person controlling them. Do not use unnecessary control when effective communication skills can be utilised as it erects a barrier to communication and makes the other person shut you out.

As a parent, you need to utilise a high love style while finding the right limit style. In a situation where the child is under physical danger or some other major problem could result, you may need to be aggressive. When something needs to be done such as your children are noisy and they need to go to bed, an assertive approach is recommended such as, “Your squeeling (’The what’ e.g. their squeeling) is making a lot of noise in the house and has made me angry (’The effect’ - Preferably a tangible effect for children).” Lastly a passive or low limit approach where you do nothing could be used when the child spills a drink provided it was an accident. Of course, you would clean the mess-up but you shouldn’t yell or punish the child for a simple accident.

Depending on the situation, you will need to vary the limit style. There is no set style to raise a child, except to have the style of variation. Be loving and be ready to adjust your limiting style to use passive, assertive, or aggressive behavioural discipline. Follow this advice on the four parenting styles and you will be more likely to raise happy, obedient, and successful children.

Good Parents, Bad Parenting ebook teaches parents excellent disciplining skills in addition to other family and parenting issues. You learn how to parent and raise your child with an excellent self-concept and behavior. Check it out now.

About the Author: Joshua Uebergang is owner of EarthlingCommunication.com where he teaches people effective communication and personal development. He encourages you to get the amazing benefits you can receive in your life by developing yourself and communication skills by getting your free subscription to his effective communication skills and self development newsletter here. Signup now and receive a special bonus.


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